English for Meeting & Interview (Teks Percakapan Rapat dalam Bahasa Inggris) written by Irfan Suryana

Interference is a general problem that occurs in bilingualism. It refers to speakers or writers applying knowledge from their native language to a second language. In telecommunications, interference is anything which modifies, or disrupts a signal as it travels along a channel between a source and a receiver. It refers to the addition of unwanted signals to a useful signal and to the influence of one language (or variety) on another in the speech of bilinguals who use both languages. According to Weinrich, there are five factors that cause interference. They are speaker bilingualism background, disloyalty to target language, the limited vocabularies of TL mastered by a learner, needs of synonym, prestige and style. Meanwhile, according to Lott, there are three factors that cause interference. They are the interlingual factor, the over extension of analogy, transfer of structure.

Then, according to Jendra, there are five levels in interference. First is Phonological interference. Phonological interference is interference that happens in sound level. For example, Javanese people say the name of places which have sounds /b/, /d/, /g/, and /j/ like  Bandung becomes mBandung, Deli becomes nDeli. They pronunce word /f/  or /v/ is spoken /p/ like “Ok, never forget, see you” becomes “Ok, neper porget, see you”. The other examples are selalu becomes slalu, adik becomes adek, sayang becomes cayang, and ramai becomes rame. Second is morphological level. Morphological level is interference that happens in grammatical level. For example, traders in Bali speak with tourist using words not grammatically. They add suffix-s like “This paintings is very old, Sir”. It should be “this is a very old painting, Sir. They also often repeat the form like Tomorrow-tomorrow come back, Sir. The other examples are Terpukul becomes kepukul, tertabrak becomes ketabrak, terlalu besar becomes kebesaran, kesungguhan becomes sungguhan, membuntuti becomes ngebuntutin, and mendongkrak becomes ngedongkrak. Third is syntactic level. Syntactic level is interference that happens in sentence level. For example, Rumah ayah Ali yang besar di kampung ini becomes rumahnya ayahnya Ali yang besar sendiri di kampung ini and makanan itu telah saya makan becomes Makanan itu telah dimakan oleh saya. Traders in Bali often haven inversion of sentence structure like coming in Bali  your girlfriend? The other examples are Mereka akan merried tahun depan, Ani memakai baju pink, so far aku baik-baik saja, bdw kemana saja kamu kemairn? Fourth is semantic level. Semantic level is interference that happens in using a word that has variable in a language. For example, penampilannya sungguh keren, teman-temanku begitu gokil, suasana hatinya sedang galau, and apa kabar, Bro? Fifth is lexical level is interference that happens in a word deductively based on dictionary. For example, traders in Bali use lexical “Holiday”. Based on dictionary, “holiday” is a day of festivity or recreation when no work is done. However, they have mistake to place that word, like “Back, back, holiday.” It should be “Please, back ward here”.

-Based on many sources-