Lingua franca is is a language used
between two interlocutors but is not the first language (or native tongue) of
either of the interlocutors. Language used as a
common means of communication among people whose native languages are mutually
unintelligible. Many languages throughout history are served as lingua franca
such as Chinese, French, Arabic, Turkish, and English.
Next,
pidgin is a
sociolinguistic phenomenon where two people whose first languages are different
attempt to communicate using elements from both of their languages in mixed
manners. In mixed manners mean to communicate between two groups
which have different first language, they can use words from both language, mix
morphology and syntax, and use the simplest sounds from both language. Pidgin
is used as facilitation of trade. It is often found where
multiple societies trade or where slave populations from multiple locations are
brought into one area. Chinook Jargon states about a pidgin spoken by Native.
He states that American, British, and French traders in Pacific Northwest in
the nineteenth century. There are six characteristics of pidgins. First, pidgin
has limited vocabulary. Second, it has simple grammatical rules. Third, it has
small inventory of sounds. Fourth, it is spoken by small fraction of the
community. Fifth, it is used for specific purposes such as trade and religion.
Sixth, pidgin does not have native speakers. Examples of pidgin language are
patois (Jamaican and English), basque-icelandic pidgin (Basque, Germanic, and
Romance), Bearlaches (Gaelic Irish and English), Hawaiian (Portuguese, Hawaiian, Cantonese, English,
and Spanish, Nigerian (English and Nigeria Krio), Portunol (Spanish and
Portuguese), Denglisch (Denglisch and English), and Siculish (Sicilian and
English). The other examples are Baba Malay, once a diverse group of pidgins,
is spoken in Malaysia but is now almost extinct. Sabah Malay is a pidginized
variant of Brunei Malay. It is a local trade language. There are a few native
speakers in urban areas, mainly children
who have a second native language. The last of example is Broome Pearling
Ludger Pidgin is a pidgin used in the pearl industry in West Australia.
When a contact language is passed onto new generations in
the same fashion a mother tongue is acquired by children, pidgin is called ‘creole’.
It
rises in situation where the speakers in contact are in need of a common, primary means of communication.
Creoles have been nativized by children as their primary language. It is for a wide range of communication
purposes, not just facilitation of trade and creoles have native speakers.
Creolization is the process by which a pidgin becomes the first language
of a group of speakers. It is the linguistic outcomes of the expansion of the
pidgin into a wider range of social functions. Examples of creole are Betawi
Malay, the Sri Lankan Creole Malay, and Malaccan Creole Malay.
-Based on many sources-
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