Hi, everyone.
How are you today?
This moment, I would like to share regarding several definitions about Speech Act according to some experts or some researchers. Have you already known the definition of Speech Acts? If you have not, please don't worry because I have collected them from any sources. Here we go.
1. Nordquist (2020)
Speech-act theory is a subfield of pragmatics. This area of study is concerned with the ways in which words can be used not only to present information but also to carry out actions. It is used in linguistics, philosophy, psychology, legal and literary theories, and even the development of artificial intelligence.
2. Kamariah (2017)
Speech act is an act that a speaker performs when making an utterance. People perform speech acts when they offer an apology, greeting, request, complaint, invitation, compliment, or refusal. A speech act is an utterance that serves a function in communication. A speech act might contain just one word, as in "Sorry!" to perform an apology, or several words or sentences: "I’m sorry I forgot your birthday. I just let it slip my mind." Speech acts include real-life interactions and require not only knowledge of the language but also appropriate use of that language within a given culture.
3. Searle (1969) in Kamariah (2017)
The expert classifies speech acts as follows:
- Representatives: which commit the speaker to the truth of the expressed proposition (paradigm cases: asserting, affirm, believe, conclude, deny, report, answering, etc.)
- Directives: which are attempts by the speaker to get the addressee to do something (requesting, inviting, asking, challenging, commanding, insisting, questioning)
- Commissives: which commit the speaker to some future course of action ( promising, threatening, offering, guarantee)
- Expressives: which express a psychological state (thanking, apologizing, welcoming, congratulating, appreciating, regretting, deploring)
- Declarations: which effect immediate changes in the institutional state of affairs and which tend torely on elaborate extra-linguistic insititutions (excommunicating, declaring war, christening, firing from employment)
References
Kamariah,
A. 2015. Types of Speech Act Used in Research: ELITE: English and Literature
Journal,1(1), 145 – 179
Nordquist, R. 2019.
Speech Acts in Linguistics. ThoughtCo.
https://www.thoughtco.com/speech-act-linguistics-1692119#:~:text=Speech%2Dact%20theory%20is%20a,the%20development%20of%20artificial%20intelligence.
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